When do AIX kenel processes start

ஹாய்,
"ps -fk" lists that there are many kernel processes with PPID=0. I have read in documents that init process is started to handle rc.boot at boot time. So, when do kernel processes start, and why they have PPID=0? Furthermore, "swapper" process has both PID=PPID=0. Is it realy the parent of init and others who have PPID=0?


Process 0 is the parent of Init.
The very first kernel process/thread is a pure Kernel-Land process and
has PID 0.
Then Process 0 becomes the "swapper".
Process 0 launch the init process (PID 1), which is responsible for
User-Land processes.
That'why Init is the (grand) father of all user-land processes.

There are some other pure kernel-land process that are launched by the
PID 0 process, hence they have PPID 0 (e.g. kproc).

regards,
Guru Ram